The ecological Impact of car traffic and the future of mobility transportation technology in Kigali

Car traffic in Kigali, the capital city of Rwanda, has been growing steadily as the city's population and economy expand. This has led to a range of ecological and environmental impacts, including increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, air pollution, and urban sprawl. Addressing these issues is crucial for maintaining a clear intention to keep global warming within 1.5°C, as outlined by the Paris Agreement.

Ecological Impact of Car Traffic in Kigali:

Greenhouse gas emissions: According to the World Bank, Rwanda's total GHG emissions stood at 9.72 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent in 2017 (1). As of 2015, the transport sector accounted for approximately 11% of total GHG emissions in Rwanda (2), with the majority of these emissions coming from road transportation. Kigali, as the country's major urban center, contributes significantly to these emissions.

Air pollution is a major concern in Kigali, with the primary source being vehicle emissions. A 2018 study found that the average concentration of PM2.5 (fine particulate matter) in Kigali was 36 g/m3, which is well above the World Health Organization's annual guideline of 10 g/m3 (3).

The Future of Mobility and Transportation Technology:

Electric vehicles (EVs): Rwanda has shown commitment to transitioning towards EVs as a means to reduce GHG emissions and air pollution. In 2019, Volkswagen launched an e-mobility project in Kigali, introducing electric vehicles to the city's roads (4). The Rwandan government has also expressed interest in increasing the share of electric vehicles in its public transportation system.

Improved public transportation: expanding and improving Kigali's public transportation network can help reduce traffic congestion and GHG emissions. The government has been working on implementing the Kigali Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system (5), which aims to provide efficient, clean, and affordable public transportation for the city's residents.

Non-motorized transportation: encouraging walking and cycling can also help reduce traffic congestion and emissions in Kigali. The city has been investing in infrastructure to promote active transportation, such as bike lanes and pedestrian-friendly streets.

Furthermore, Rwanda Utility Regulatory Authority (RURA) in its 2022-2027 strategic plan, it intends to introduce multi-model solutions such as ride-share and shared parking spaces to complement public transit(6).

In conclusion, addressing the ecological impact of car traffic in Kigali is essential for maintaining a clear intention to keep global warming within 1.5°C reach. By embracing electric vehicles, expanding public transportation, promoting non-motorized transportation and introducing ride-sharing solutions, Kigali can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, contributing to global climate goals.

References:

(1) World Bank (2020). World Development Indicators: Rwanda Retrieved from https://databank.worldbank.org/reports.aspx?source=world-development-indicators

(2) Ministry of Environment, Rwanda (2015). Rwanda's Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) Retrieved from https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/Rwanda%20First/INDC_Rwanda_Nov.2015.pdf

(3) Gatari, M. J., Boman, J., Wagner, A., & de Foy, B. (2018). Source apportionment of urban particulate matter using constrained positive matrix factorization, Kigali, Rwanda Atmospheric Environment, 188, 29–40.

(4) Volkswagen (2019). Volkswagen launches an electric mobility pilot project in Rwanda. Retrieved from https://www.volkswagen-newsroom.com/en/press-releases/volkswagen-launches-electric-mobility-pilot-project-in-Rwanda-5156

(5) City of Kigali

(6) Rwanda Utility Regulatory Authority (RURA)